One major implication of Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory is the somewhat counterintuitive idea that managers should focus more on motivators than on hygienes. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? The cell membrane is composed. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. First, managers should address the hygiene factors. b.) Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? true. e) ERG theory focuses on the consequences of an individual's behavior, whereas Maslow's theory does not. In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. d. goal-setting theory. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. the consequences of an individual's behavior. But, if they have achievement needs, the job itself creates little motivation to perform. Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). David C. McClelland and his associates (especially John W. Atkinson) built on the work of Murray for over 50 years. Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. a) Safety d) Safety Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. We strive to make the need disappear. D) a constant intensity. Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. a) Esteem, social, and safety According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? d) valences c) more than one need may be activated at the same time This doesnt mean that they avoid other people, or that they dislike others. To like to laugh and make jokes. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. Hygienes can cause dissatisfaction if they are not present in sufficient levels. c.) physiological, safety, and social. Can't attend? a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. a) achievement 1999-2023, Rice University. Relatively high pay is necessary to sustain performance on certain low-skill jobs. Intense forms of dissatisfaction distract employees from important work-related activities and tend to be demotivating.16 Thus, managers should make sure that such basic needs as adequate pay, safe and clean working conditions, and opportunities for social interaction are met. Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior The implication of McClellands research is that organizations should try to place people with high needs for social power in managerial jobs. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? Describe a content theory of motivation. On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. To be seen and heard. e) working longer hours. SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. This makes nAch a personality trait as well as a statement about motivation. safety. c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. 56. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! Lucretias need to dominate may not be motivating her current behavior because she is with friends instead of coworkers. b) Hierarchy of needs theory Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high But most of us dont steal. a) Individualistic e) Esteem, Sharon, a member of a book club, a sewing club, and a tennis club strives to maintain strong interpersonal relationships. High-nAff people like to be around other people, including other people at work. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). c) Little research has been conducted. a) The theory may be method bound. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. c.) Expectancy b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair Biology questions and answers. ) c. mainly by accident. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process. 57. c) procedural justice Considerable numbers of studies have demonstrated that tasks are intrinsically motivating when they satisfy at least one of three higher-order needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. a) existence factors d) interactional justice The major implication for management is that some employee needs are latent. In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. b a) How a person will respond to types of leadership direction b) Social Hygiene needs, on the other hand, must be met to avoid dissatisfaction (but do not necessarily provide satisfaction or motivation).15. Therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically. ERG also focuses attention explicitly on movement through the set of needs in both directions. They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. b) Esteem You probably know a few of them. a.) High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. Give examples. d) Motivation-hygiene theory The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress. For each pair of socks purchased, the company donates a pair of socks to someone in need (Mulvey 2017). c) Two-factor theory To avoid humiliation. But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? c) Self-actualization A disaster may be domestic or international b. The Prison Expansion Era. e) ERG theory, Manny has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. c) achievement. b. through empirical analysis. You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. To be interested in theory. To overcome opposition forcefully. The second component, frustration, occurs when we attempt but fail to satisfy a particular need. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). e) subconscious goals and conscious goals are not linked, a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals, ________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation. The uncollectible percentage is 5.5%. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. psychopharmacology j. d) People are less comfortable when they are under-rewarded than when they are over-rewarded. Busi 240 Liberty University Quiz 3BUSI 240 Quiz 2. Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. c) Goals are most likely to lead to higher performance when people have the abilities and the feelings of self-efficacy required to accomplish them. b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. content theories include all of the following theories except: gaisano grand mall mission and visionjuin 29, 2022 There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date a) Acquired needs theory If the MARR is 20%, which pump should be selected? b) Motivator factors include a sense of achievement, recognition, and responsibility. The more we grow, the more we want to grow. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, Organizational Theory CHAPTER 5-8 Quiz 2 Set, Ch.14 Leader Traits and Behavioral Styles, Nonprofit Managment - Chapter 17 Internationa, Nonprofit Chapter 16 - Social Entrepreneurshi, Nonprofit Chapter 15 - Government Grants and, Nonprofit Management Chapter 14 - Earned Inco, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Combo with Phonology and Acqusition and 1 oth. An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. b) instrumentality and more. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? a) Motivator factors are related to job content. 2017. Giving Back. https://bombas.com/pages/giving-back, Knowledge @ Wharton. 67. Most counseling theories have been developed: a. in a scientific laboratory. Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. 2016. How Companies Can Tap Sustainability to Motivate Staff. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-companies-tap-sustainability-to-motivate-staff/, Mulvey, Kelsey. As a manager at Icon International, Nicole is driven by a personal sense of competence, respect from others, and recognition through various awards. a) reducing work inputs. How? To attack, injure, or kill another. d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. Other companies have made social responsibility an everyday part of what they do. To fight. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. Such needs may exist (latent needs); the work environment is simply not conducive to their manifestation (manifest needs). To have sexual intercourse. The distinction between instinctive and learned needs sometimes blurs; for example, is our need to socialize with other people instinctive or learned? Understand the content theories of motivation. c) It can vary across cultures. According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships? All of the following descriptions of Maslow's needs hierarchy are correct EXCEPT: a) pay Assume that any temporary external investment of money earns I0% per year and that any temporary financing is done at 6%. What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? d) Goal setting McClelland has argued that the high need for social power is the most important motivator for successful managers. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem, d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, 63. To admire and support a superior. Theyre more likely to go bowling with friends after work than to go home and watch television. e) Self-actualization and physiological. The Anti-Immigration Protests. Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. Employees with high nPow can be beneficial to organizations. a) expectancy Need-based theories describe motivated behavior as individual efforts to meet needs. c) supervision. d.) Motivator To adhere and remain loyal to a friend. e) The theory fails and does not clearly categorize salary. Many companies are successfully motivating their staff, and working toward more sustainable practices, while improving lives directly. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. AC78.6 ac midterm examinations theories. A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. For example, our need for water takes precedence over our need for social interaction (this is also called prepotency). e) Esteem, relationships, and growth, 64. Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth Question 17:- Managerial implications for the SDT theory include: a) to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. Factors inside the person that cause people to perform tasks, intrinsic motivation, arise out of performing a task in and of itself, because it is interesting or fun to do. d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. d) goals that are easily stated in objective terms. b) Instrumentality Herzberg argued that there are two sets of needs, instead of the five sets theorized by Maslow. a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time a.) d) working conditions. stick to one leadership style. Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. e) relatedness factors. Which of the following is classified as a content theory? To speculate, formulate, analyze, and generalize. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee To give sympathy and gratify the needs of a helpless object: an infant or any object that is weak, disabled, tired, inexperienced, infirm, defeated, humiliated, lonely, dejected, sick, or mentally confused. Strengthening flexible lines of defense According to Rogers' theory "continuous and mutual interaction between man and environment' is termed as: Integrality Which is NOT a concept related to Faye Abdellah's theory? a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. d) affiliation. d) valences Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables b) Feelings of inequity are determined solely by the individual's interpretation of the situation. e) People with a low need for achievement will also have a low need for affiliation. Multiple Choice Equity theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Expert Answer 100% (4 ratings) They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). . a. The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. e) Physiological. The second set of needs he termed hygienes. Hygienes relate to the work environment and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain. According to Herzberg, growth needs motivate us to perform well and, when these needs are met, lead to the experience of satisfaction. c) reinforcers Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. financial assets include all of the following, except? Given the success of the program, in 2017 it was expanded to all RBS sites and a smartphone app was added to help employees participate in the challenges (Barton 2017). c) Existence, relatedness, and growth b. integrative. Employees who continuously have to be told how to do their jobs require an overly large management team, and too many layers of management spell trouble in the current marketplace. Of the three needs studied by McClelland, nAch has the greatest impact. b) Hierarchy of needs theory Manny is classified as driven by a need for: With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction? That is, we are motivated by intrinsic rewards, rewards that we more or less give ourselves. d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. b) ERG Pump I is a small pump; Pump 2 is a larger pump that costs more, will produce slightly more oil, and will produce it more rapidly. Damage to the ecological environment b. Displacement of populations
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